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DRY CHEMICAL POWDER TYPE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

[12:09 AM, 7/6/2025] Bis Sis Se Zong: ABC Dry Chemical Powder – Technical Details & Specifications
🧪 Chemical Composition:
Primary Ingredient: Monoammonium Phosphate (NH₄H₂PO₄)

Secondary Ingredients (optional): Ammonium sulfate, flow conditioners, moisture absorbers

Color: Pale yellow or off-white

Appearance: Fine, free-flowing dry powder

Odor: Odorless

pH Range: 4.0 – 5.5 (slightly acidic)

Bulk Density: 0.85 to 0.95 g/cm³
Fire Classification Efficiency:
✅ Class A (Solids): Forms a coating on burning materials like wood, paper, textiles

✅ Class B (Liquids): Breaks the chemical chain reaction of flammable liquids

✅ Class C (Electrical): Non-conductive, safe for electrical fires
[12:10 AM, 7/6/2025] Bis Sis Se Zong: Physical & Technical Properties:
Property Specification
Melting Point ~190°C (decomposes, does not melt cleanly)
Solubility in Water Slightly soluble
Hygroscopicity Low (contains anti-caking agents)
Conductivity Non-conductive – suitable for electrical fires
Moisture Content < 0.25% (w/w)
Particle Size 90% passing through 150 micron sieve
Flowability Excellent (due to flow conditioning additives)
Corrosiveness Mildly corrosive to metals if not cleaned
Toxicity Low – Generally safe, but not for inhalation
Standards & Certifications:
Compliant with international fire standards:

UL 299, UL 711

NFPA 10

ISO 9001 certified manufacturing

May also meet PSI or local civil defense approvals

CO2 TYPE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

What is CO₂ Gas?
Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) is a colorless, odorless, and non-flammable gas that is widely used as a clean agent for fire suppression, especially for Class B and Class C fires (flammable liquids and electrical fires).

🔥 Fire Suppression Function:
CO₂ suppresses fire primarily by displacing oxygen (which fire needs to burn).

It also cools the burning surface due to rapid gas expansion (dry ice effect).

Leaves no residue – ideal for sensitive electronics, server rooms, electrical panels.

⚙️ Technical Specifications of CO₂ Gas
Property Specification
Chemical Formula CO₂
Molecular Weight 44.01 g/mol
CAS Number 124-38-9
Appearance Colorless gas (may appear as white fog when discharged)
Odor Odorless
Taste Slightly acidic taste
Density (Gas) 1.98 kg/m³ at 0°C (heavier than air)
Boiling Point -78.5°C (sublimates from solid to gas)
Critical Temperature 31.0°C
Critical Pressure 73.8 bar
Working Pressure (at 21°C) ~55–60 bar (in extinguishers or cylinders)
Vapor Pressure (at 20°C) ~57 bar
Solubility in Water 1.45 g/L at 25°C
Expansion Ratio 1 volume liquid = ~535 volumes gas
Purity for Fire Use ≥ 99.9% (industrial/fire grade)

🚫 Safety and Hazards:
Aspect Details
Flammability Non-flammable
Toxicity Non-toxic at low concentrations, but asphyxiant at high levels (displaces oxygen)
Health Risks Dizziness, unconsciousness, or death in confined spaces
Handling Use with proper ventilation; wear gloves during cylinder handling
Storage Store in upright position, in cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight
Discharge Sound Very loud (high-pressure release)
Corrosiveness Non-corrosive; does not leave residue

📦 Typical Packaging:
CO₂ Cylinders Sizes: 2 kg, 5 kg, 6 kg, 10 kg, 22.5 kg, 45 kg

Material: Seamless steel or aluminum alloy cylinders

Valve Type: Squeeze grip / wheel-type brass valve (with or without discharge horn)

Filling Ratio: ~0.67 kg/L (liquid CO₂ per cylinder volume)

✅ Standards & Compliance:
Conforms to:

ISO 9809 (Gas Cylinders – Design)

EN 3 / BS EN 3 (for extinguishers)

UL, FM (if US-certified)

Local standards (e.g., PSI, Civil Defence, etc.)

AFFF FOAM TYPE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

AFFF Foam – Aqueous Film Forming Foam
🌊 What is AFFF Foam?
AFFF (Aqueous Film Forming Foam) is a water-based fire suppression agent that forms a thin, air-excluding film on the surface of flammable liquids, helping to smother the fire and prevent re-ignition. It is mainly used for Class B fires (flammable liquids) and also helps in cooling Class A fires (ordinary combustibles).

⚙️ Technical Specifications of AFFF Foam
Property Specification
Chemical Type Synthetic surfactant-based foam concentrate
Main Ingredients Fluorinated surfactants, hydrocarbons, solvents, corrosion inhibitors
Appearance Clear to pale yellow liquid
Odor Mild detergent-like
pH Value 6.5 – 8.5
Specific Gravity 1.00 – 1.02 @ 20°C
Viscosity Low, similar to water (~5-15 cP)
Surface Tension ≤ 18–20 dynes/cm (helps form film over hydrocarbons)
Expansion Ratio 5:1 to 20:1 depending on nozzle/foam equipment
Recommended Proportion Typically 3% or 6% (mixed with water)
Freezing Point ~-10°C to -15°C (depending on formulation)
Storage Temperature 0°C to +49°C (do not freeze)
Shelf Life 5 to 10 years (in sealed original containers)
Toxicity Low – but environmental care required (fluorosurfactants)
Biodegradability Partial (fluorinated types less biodegradable than fluorine-free foams)

🔥 Fire Classification Efficiency:
Class Fire Type Effectiveness
A Ordinary combustibles (wood, paper) Good – cools and coats material
B Flammable liquids (petrol, diesel) Excellent – forms sealing film
C Electrical fires ❌ Not suitable

🛠️ How AFFF Works:
Forms a foam blanket that separates fuel from air (oxygen).

Produces a thin aqueous film that spreads rapidly across fuel surfaces.

Cools the fuel and surrounding surfaces to suppress reignition.

Reduces vapor release from flammable liquids.

📦 Packaging & Usage:
Available in: 20L, 30L, 200L drums or IBC 1000L tanks

Stored and used through foam proportioning systems, extinguishers, or foam tanks

Applied using:

Foam nozzles

Foam monitors

Bladder tanks

Portable extinguishers (AFFF-type)

✅ Standards & Certifications:
Conforms to:

EN 1568 (performance for fire extinguishing media)

UL 162

NFPA 11 / 16

IMO / ICAO (for marine/aviation use)

PSI / Civil Defence Approved (Pakistan)